Science Class Question-and-Answer Warmup Topics

Looking for some quick and easy reviews  to make sure your students are paying attention in science class? Heres  is a list of short question-and-answer topics  that can be used in any general high-school level science class. These can be used for general topic review, pop quizzes, or combined for a subject exam.   Week One - Biology 1. What are the steps of the scientific method?   Answer: making observations, forming a hypothesis, experimenting and drawing conclusionsContinued Below... 2. What do the following scientific prefixes mean?bio, entomo, exo, gen, micro, ornitho, zoo Answer: bio-life, entomo-insect, exo-outside, gen-beginning or origin, micro-small, ornitho-bird, zoo-animal 3. What is the standard unit of measurement in the International System of Measurement? Answer: Meter 4. What is the difference between weight and mass? Answer: Weight is the measure of gravitational force one object has on another. Weight can change based on the amount of gravity. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Mass is constant. 5. What is the standard unit of volume? Answer: Liter Week Two - Biology 1. What is the hypothesis of biogenesis?Answer: It states that living things can only come from living things. Francisco Redi(1626-1697) did experiments with flies and meat to support this hypothesis. 2. Name three scientists that did experiments related to the hypothesis of biogenesis? Answer: Francisco Redi (1626-1697), John Needham (1713-1781), Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799), Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) 3. What are the characteristics of living things? Answer: Life is cellular, uses energy, grows, metabolizes, reproduces, responds to the environment and moves. 4. What are the two types of reproduction? Answer: Asexual reproduction and Sexual reproduction 5. Describe one way in which a plant responds to stimuli Answer: A plant can angle or move towards a light source. Some sensitive plants will actually curl their leaves after being touched. Week Three - Basic Chemistry 1. What are the three main subatomic particles of the atom?   Answer: proton, neutron, and electron 2. What is an ion? Answer: An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. This gives the atom a positive or negative charge. 3. A compound is matter composed of two or more elements chemically bonded. What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond? Answer: covalent - electrons are shared; ionic - electrons are transferred. 4. A mixture is two or more distinct substances that are mixed together but are not chemically bonded. What is the difference between a homogenous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture? Answer: homogenous - The substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture. An example would be a solution.heterogeneous - The substances are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture. An example would be a suspension.   5. If household ammonia has a pH of 12, is it an acid or a base? Answer: base Week Four - Basic Chemistry 1. What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?   Answer: Organic compounds have carbon. 2. What are the three elements that are in the organic compounds called carbohydrates? Answer: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 3. What are the building blocks of proteins? Answer: amino acids 4. State the Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy. Answer: Mass is neither created or destroyed.Energy is neither created or destroyed.   5. When does a skydiver have the greatest potential energy? When does a skydiver have the greatest kinetic energy? Answer: Potential - when he is leaning out of the plane about to jump.Kinetic - when he is plummeting to the earth. Week Five - Cell Biology 1. Which scientist is given credit for being the first to observe and identify cells?   Answer: Robert Hooke 2. What types of cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles and are the oldest known forms of life? Answer: Prokaryotes 3. Which organelle controls a cells activities? Answer: Nucleus 4. Which organelles are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they produce energy? Answer: Mitochondria   5. Which organelle is responsible for the production of protein?   Answer: Ribosomes Week Six - Cells and Cellular Transport 1. In the plant cell, what organelle is responsible for the production of food?   Answer: Chloroplasts 2. What is the main purpose of the cell membrane? Answer: It helps to regulate the passage of materials between the wall and its environment. 3. What do we call the process when a sugar cube dissolves in a cup of water? Answer: Diffusion 4. Osmosis is a type of diffusion. However, what is being diffused in osmosis? Answer: Water   5. What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?   Answer: Endocytosis - the process that cells use to take in large molecules that can not fit through the cell membrane. Exocytosis - the process that cells use to expel large molecules from the cell. Week Seven - Cell Chemistry 1. Would you classify human beings as autotrophs or heterotrophs?   Answer: We are heterotrophs because we gain our food from other sources. 2. What do we collectively call all the reactions taking place in a cell? Answer: Metabolism 3. What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions? Answer: Anabolic - simple substances join to make more complex ones. Catabolic - complex substances are broken down to make simpler ones. 4. Is the burning of wood an endergonic or exergonic reaction? Explain why. Answer: The burning of wood is an exergonic reaction because energy is given off or released in the form of heat. An endergonic reaction uses energy.   5. What are enzymes?   Answer: They are special proteins that act as catalysts in a chemical reaction. Week Eight - Cellular Energy 1. What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?   Answer: Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen. Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen. 2. Glycolysis occurs when glucose is changed into this acid. What is the acid?   Answer: Pyruvic Acid 3. What is the main difference between ATP and ADP? Answer: ATP or adenosine triphosphate has one more phosphate group than adenosine diphosphate. 4. Most autotrophs use this process to make food. The process literally translated means putting together light. What do we call this process? Answer: photosynthesis   5. What is the green pigment in the cells of plants called?   Answer: chlorophyll Week Nine - Mitosis and Meiosis 1. Name the five phases of mitosis.   Answer: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, interphase 2. What do we call the division of the cytoplasm?   Answer: cytokinesis 3. In what type of cell division does the chromosome number reduce by one half and gametes form? Answer: meiosis 4. Name the male and female gametes and the process that creates each of them. Answer: female gametes - ova or eggs - oogenesismale gametes - sperm - spermatogenesis   5. Explain the differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to the daughter cells.   Answer: mitosis - two daughter cells that are identical to each other and the parent cellmeiosis - four daughter cells that contain a varying combination of chromosomes and that are not identical to the parent cells   Week Ten - DNA and RNA 1. Nucleotides are the basis of the DNA molecule. Name the components of a nucleotide.   Answer: Phosphate groups, deoxyribose (a five-carbon sugar) and nitrogenous bases. 2. What is the spiral shape of a DNA molecule called?   Answer: double helix 3. Name the four nitrogenous bases and correctly pair them with one another.   Answer: Adenine always bonds with thymine.Cytosine always bonds with guanine.   4. What is the process that produces RNA from the information in DNA? Answer: transcription 5. RNA contains the base uracil. What base does it replace from DNA? Answer: thymine   Week Eleven - Genetics 1. Name the Austrian Monk that laid the foundation for the study of modern genetics.   Answer: Gregor Mendel 2. What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?   Answer: Homozygous - occurs when the two genes for a trait are the same.Heterozygous - occurs when the two genes for a trait are different, also known as a hybrid. 3. What is the difference between dominant and recessive genes? Answer: Dominant - genes that prevent the expression of another gene.Recessive - genes that are suppressed.   4. What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? Answer: Genotype is the genetic makeup of the organism.Phenotype is the outward appearance of the organism. 5. In a particular flower, red is dominant over white. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with another heterozygous plant, what will be the genotypic and phenotypic ratios? You may use a Punnett square to find your answer. Answer: genotypic ratio 1/4 RR, 1/2 Rr, 1/4 rrphenotypic ratio 3/4 Red, 1/4 White   Week Twelve - Applied Genetics Week Twelve Science Warm-Ups: 1. What do we call the changes in hereditary material? Answer: mutations 2. What are the two basic types of mutations? Answer: chromosomal alteration and gene mutation 3. What is the common name for the condition trisomy 21 which occurs because a person has an extra chromosome? Answer: Down Syndrome 4. What do we call the process of crossing animals or plants with desirable characteristics to produce offspring with the same desirable characteristics? Answer: selective breeding 5. The process of forming genetically identical offspring from a single cell is in the news a great deal. What do we call this process. Also, explain if you think it is a good thing. Answer: cloning; answers will vary Week Thirteen - Evolution 1. What do we call the process of new life evolving from pre-existing lifeforms?   Answer: evolution 2. What organism is often classified as a transitional form between reptiles and birds?   Answer: Archaeopteryx 3. What French scientist of the early nineteenth century put forth the hypothesis of use and disuse to explain evolution? Answer: Jean Baptiste Lamarck   4. What islands off the coast of Ecuador were the topic of study for Charles Darwin? Answer: Galapagos Islands 5. An adaptation is an inherited trait that makes an organism better able to survive. Name three types of adaptations. Answer: morphological, physiological, behavioral   Week Fourteen - History of Life 1. What is chemical evolution?   Answer: The process by which inorganic and simple organic compounds change into more complex compounds. 2. Name the three periods of the Mesozoic period.   Answer: Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic 3. Adaptive radiation is the rapid expansion of many new species. What group probably experienced adaptive radiation at the beginning of the Paleocene epoch? Answer: mammals   4. There are two competing ideas to explain the mass extinction of dinosaurs. Name the two ideas. Answer: meteor impact hypothesis and climate change hypothesis 5. Horses, donkeys and zebras have a common ancestor in the Pliohippus. Over time these species have become different from each other. What is this pattern of evolution called? Answer: divergence   Week Fifteen - Classification 1. What is the term for the science of classification?   Answer: taxonomy 2. Name the Greek philosopher that introduced the term species.   Answer: Aristotle 3. Name the scientist that created a classification system using species, genus and kingdom. Also tell what he called his naming system. Answer: Carolus Linnaeus; binomial nomenclature   4. According to the hierarchical system of classification there are seven major categories. Name them in order from largest to smallest. Answer: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 5. What are the five kingdoms? Answer: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia   Week Sixteen - Viruses 1. What is a virus?   Answer: A very small particle made up of nucleic acid and protein. 2. What are the two classes of viruses?   Answer: RNA viruses and DNA viruses 3. In viral replication, what do we call the bursting of the cell? Answer: lysis   4. What are the phages called that cause lysis in their hosts? Answer: virulent phages 5. What are short naked strands of RNA with similarities to viruses called? Answer: viroids   Week Seventeen - Bacteria 1. What is a colony?   Answer: A group of celss that are similar and attached to one another. 2. What two pigments do all blue-green bacteria have in common?   Answer: Phycocyanin (blue) and Chlorophyll (green) 3. Name the three groups that most bacteria are divided into. Answer: cocci - spheres; bacilli - rods; spirilla - spirals   4. What is the process by which most bacteria cells divide? Answer: binary fission 5. Name two ways that bacteria exchange genetic material. Answer: conjugation and transformation   Week Eighteen - The Protists 1. What type of organisms make up kingdom Protista?   Answer: simple eukaryotic organisms. 2. Which subkingdom of the protists contain algal protists, which contains fungal protists and which contain animallike protists?   Answer: Protophyta, Gymnomycota, and Protozoa 3. What structure(s) do Euglenoids use to move around? Answer: flagella   4. What are cilia and which Phylum is made up of one-celled organisms that have man of them? Answer: Cilia are short hairlike extensions from a cell; Phylum Ciliata 5. Name two diseases caused by protozoans. Answer: malaria and dysentery   Week Nineteen - Fungi 1. What is a group or network of fungal hyphae called?   Answer: mycelium 2. What are the four phyla of fungi?   Answer: oomycota, zygomycota, ascomycota, basidiomycota 3. What are the land dwelling zygomycota often known as? Answer: molds and blights   4. Name the British scientist that discovered penicillin in 1928. Answer: Dr. Alexander Fleming 5. Name three common products that are the result of fungal activity. Answer: Ex: alcohol, bread, cheese, antibiotics, etc.

Digital Privacy Concerns Essay - 1565 Words

Digital privacy concerns, which have been a major issue in our country since 2001, increasingly violate our basic human rights as global citizens. The growing amount of government surveillance has manifested in the enactment of acts such as SOPA and CISPA. Although their intent on stopping digital piracy and attacks were clear, both were immediately met with harsh criticism; they allowed big corporations to violate our privacy rights by sharing our personal information with both other companies and the government. Our President, although publicly expressing his acknowledgement of the issue, failed to discuss an array of other pressing dilemmas regulated by the recently exposed National Security Agency (NSA), especially those involving†¦show more content†¦And with 3 billion phone calls made and 150 billion emails sent to and from the United States every day, the collection of this personal data without specifying the limits to their searches is unclear and unjust. Google, Microsoft, Facebook, and Yahoo among many others have recently, under protection from the Obama administration, revealed details as to the statistics of government collection. Even our nations biggest telecom companies, ATT and Verizon, were obliged to work with the NSA, lately disclosing information on the filtering equipment they were necessitated to use. The storage of this data for prolonged periods of time also makes these companies and their users vulnerable to security breaches such as theft and attack by hackers; for example, the cyber-security firm Trustwave discovered a server on November 24, 2013 which contained the information of over 318,000 accounts on Facebook. This breach was evidently made possible by companies storing data for an unnecessary amount of time as well as a weakened encryption standard. Both were implemented and enforced by the NSA, and the forced retention this data for over five years not only renders this metadata vulnerable to theft or misuse, b ut has also not been proven to be notably valuable in thwarting terrorist attacks. In addition to these infractions on our rights to privacy, the same rules andShow MoreRelatedBig Data And Digital Privacy Policy Concerns1816 Words   |  8 PagesJanuary 14, 2015 RE: Big data and digital privacy policy concerns The purpose of this memo is to describe ongoing big data revolution and to show how digital privacy considerations for same can be addressed by adopting recommended options. 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The summary of this statement is that we are losing our privacy with the advance modern technology. Throughout the article, the author make statements about the negitivity of the side of digital fingerprints and online tracking. He mentioned it as a fact and did not offer it as a proposal. He put out his differentRead MorePublic or Private?798 Words   |  3 Pagessociety, people are losing sight of how important privacy truly is. We, as Americans, may seem concerned about our privacy, but this â€Å"concern† does not stop us from acquiring the latest and greatest technology. Designers are building technology with no consideration of the security and privacy of their consumers. People are purchasing these new iPhones with fingerprint recognition and downloading different apps everyday with the thought of privacy and security in the back of their minds. 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With the lack of physical interactionRead MoreThe Digital Of Digital Privacy1380 Words   |  6 Pages The term digital privacy can be defined as or explain as by using digital means protecting information of private citizens or business, In these days when people try to explain what is digital privacy mostly they refer to usage of internet or relate with it. This is the technology era, digital privacy is being discussed in related areas, and addressing related issues according in right direction drive towards solution and help to secure more data. Digital privacy focuses and depends on the medium

Use of drugs among teenagers in the United States Free Essays

Interesting trends regarding the use of drugs among teenagers in the United States have begun to be revealed through the work of various researchers. While in some key areas, the use of drugs has declined, in other areas increases have been found to exist in teenagers’ use of drugs. Such areas in which such trends have been detected include use of particular types of drugs, the availability of these to the students, and the demographic that is exposed to the drugs. We will write a custom essay sample on Use of drugs among teenagers in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such substances as methamphetamine, marijuana, and prescription medication are drugs that have seen either increases or decreases in their general trends, and differences are being studied and detected in the genders’ response to these substances. This essay will define such trends and attempt to give gender-based reasons why these have occurred. The use of methamphetamine among students has demonstrated a decrease between 2005 and 2006. Usage by tenth grade students has decreased over the year I. The decline rate among females has been from 3 to 2 percent II. The decline rate among males has been from 2.6 percent to 1.7 percent Usage by twelfth grade students has decreased over the year I. The decline rate among females is unsure but is suspected to be roughly the same as for males II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The decline rate among males has been from 9 percent to 7.4 percent The use of marijuana among students has demonstrated a decrease between the years 2005 and 2006. Usage by tenth grade students has decreased over the year I. The decline rate for lifetime users was 2.3% II. The decline rate in the availability of the drug is 1.9% Usage by twelfth grade students has decreased over the year I. It has been the trend for females to use less marijuana than males II.The decline rate among females is unsure, but is suspected to be greater than that of males III.The decline rate among males has been from 9% to 7.4% The use of other drugs among students has demonstrated an increase between 2002 and 2006. Usage of MDMA (ecstasy) by females students has increased over the year I.         Use has gone up from 2.7 percent to 4.0 percent. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This represents an increase of 1.3 percent Usage of all illicit drugs (apart from marijuana) by males is shown to be above that of females Usage of all illicit drugs (apart from marijuana) by males is shown to be on the decline. The use of drugs among males and females is influenced by different gender-based situations. Men are more likely to have opportunities to use drugs than women Men are more likely than women to abuse drugs such as marijuana and alcohol Women are more likely to become addicted to sedatives I. Women take more time to report drug dependence II. Women often use drugs in response to depression or eating disorders. Men and women differ in the effect that drug use has on their life choices I.  Men are less likely to be drop out of high school as a result of drug use. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Women are more likely to drop out of high school as a result of drug use. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Drug use in both sexes affects future regarding job qualifications and outcomes. Works Cited Bustos, Jennifer. â€Å"Gender Differences in Drug Use.† St. Martin’s University. Lacey, WA.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://homepages.stmartin.edu/students/jennifer.bustos/256,1,Gender Differences in Drug   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use Lattimer, W. W., L. J. Floyd, M. Vasquez, M. O’Brien, A, Arzola and N. Rivera. â€Å"Substance Use   Ã‚   Among School-based Youths in Puerto Rico: Difference between Gender and Grade   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Levels.† Addictive Behavior. Vol. 29. No. 8. 2004. pp.1689-64. Lynch, Wendy J., Megan E. Roth and Marilyn E. Carroll. â€Å"Biological Basis of Sex Difference in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Drug Abuse: Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies.† Psychopharmacology. Vol. 164: 121-   137, 2002. Naylor, Adam., Doug Gardner and Len Zaichowsky. â€Å"Drug Use Patterns Among High School   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Athletes and Nonathletes – Statistical Data Included.† Adolescence. Winter, 2001. NIDA. â€Å"Gender Differences in Drug Abuse Risks and Treatments.† The National Institute on   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Drug Abuse. Vol. 15. 4, 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.nida.nih.gov/NIDA_Notes/NNVol15N4/tearoff.html NIDA. â€Å"High School and Youth Trends: NIDA Infofacts.† The National Institute on Drug    Abuse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.nida.nih.gov/pdf/infofacts/HSYouthTrends07.pdf Rassino, Brian E., Sheila C. Ribordy, Kathryn Grant, Joseph R. Ferrari, Blake S. Bowden, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jennifer Zeisz. â€Å"Gender-Related Processes and Drug Use: Self-Expression with Parents,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Peer Group Selection, and Achievement Motivation.† Adolescence. Spring, 2004. Ringel, J., R. L. Collins and P. L. Ellickson. â€Å"High School Drug Use Predicts Job-Related   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Outcomes at Age 29.† Addictive Behaviors. Vol. 32. No. 3, 2006. pp. 576-589. How to cite Use of drugs among teenagers in the United States, Essay examples

Comparative Analysis of the Child

Comparative Analysis of the Child-Rearing Practices of the Philippines and Other Cultures Essay Comparative Analysis of the Child-Rearing Practices of the Philippines and Other Cultures Child rearing plays an important role in building up the childrens characteristics. It is their foundation to be a functional member of the society. But different societies have different cultures when it comes to child rearing. There are different factors which affect a parents attitude toward his/her children and these factors are mostly influenced by the society or the personal preference/ favoritism of the parent. What is considered the proper way of child-rearing is dictated by the cultural tradition. Even within the same society, these may also vary depending on the age, sex and birth order of the child. (Medina, 2001) The size of the family and the stage in the family life cycle may also affect child-rearing practices. (Ventura, 1985) Other factors which may influence the patterns of child-rearing are social class and rural/urban residence. Moreover, child-rearing techniques are not static: they change as the society changes. Medina, 2001) Child-rearing in the Philippines is mostly the womens business. The mother or the other female adult members of the family are he ones who take care of the child. They are the ones who are more familiarized with the child. Since the women have the biggest part in the responsibility of taking care of the child while growing up, they influenced the child more and the child tend to always confide to their mother or other female family members. While the fathers role in child-rearing remains minimal, there are indications that he is getting increasingly involved. (Medina, 2001) Most fathers take the time to learn how to properly take care of an infant like preparing the milk and changing the diapers as ell as ways to better assist their wives. Since the Philippines is a conservative society, chastity is a matter of importance. This is why the upbringing of the daughters is stricter compared to the sons. The daughter is expected to be at home most of the time while the son is allowed to stay out late. Moreover, gender roe differentiation is emphasized so that girls are raised to be wives and mothers, while boys are to require skills in earning a living. Also, stereotyped gender traits are inculcated so that girls are develop to be modest and refined while boys are to be trong and healthy. (Liwag, et al. , 1999) In the matriarchal society of Jamaica, the female sex is more valued than its counterpart. The mothers usually work in the nightclubs thats why the rearing of the daughters is more important compared to the son. However, the responsibility of child-rearing is often left to the grandmothers who are associated with family, land and inheritance. In contrast with the other, China gives more importance to the father-son relationship. The daughters, or in general the female sex, is often neglected and on other times, even mistreated. In Chinese families, the father had to raise his son in the tradition of his ancestors to perform his duties properly in both the material and spiritual worlds. The son had to ritual with his own son. The Chinese mother-son relationship has less importance. Hsu, 1948) An American mother is much more concerned with the appropriate sex role. Both sexes may be treated equally but they are expected to be unique or different from each other. A child is encouraged to be himself, even at the expense of the complete approval of the neighbors and friends. Achievement and not enjoyment s the first goal for the child. His age level is emphasized to him in many ways, and he is su btly denied opportunities to play with those who are markedly older or younger than he is at the moment. .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79 , .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79 .postImageUrl , .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79 , .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79:hover , .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79:visited , .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79:active { border:0!important; } .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79:active , .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79 .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc1c05a842871ff26a3715b771f3deb79:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Agreement Essay PaperIndependence, achievement and later, sexual attractiveness become important goals. He is only expected to seek the support of his family when he encounters obstacles which he cannot overcome himself. (Guthrie and Jacobs, 1965) Breast-feeding is not particularly part of the culture of several countries but in the Philippines, it is. It is believed that the milk of the mother ontains various nutrients that will improve the intellectual as well as the physical attributes of the child. Breast-feeding is more common in the Philippines compared to America. Weaning in America means giving up the bottle whereas in the Philippines it means giving up breast-feeding and sleeping beside the mother. The most important structural aspect of Filipino society is the intense loyalty and obedience felt by an individual towards his kin and peer groups. (Hollersteiner, 1965; Stoodley, 1957) Their demand for obedience has at least three aspects. First, since his arents, particularly his mother brought him into this world, the child owes them a debt of gratitude and submission. Second, each member of the family is expected to obey those who are older than him. Third, it is believed that misfortune will plague a disobedient and disrespectful child all throughout his life. Feelings of gratitude, respect for age and fear of misfortune is held before the child to secure his compliance. (Guthrie and Jacobs, 1965) The American parents base their demands for obedience on the importance of the directing the childs behavior to insure social as ell as biological survival and on the necessity of integrating him as a cooperative, nondestructive member of the family. Sears, Maccoby and Levin) The American child is usually only required to obey his parents and occasionally, the older sibling while the Filipino child must obey many people such as the parents, older siblings and relatives. Obedience is parallel to punishment. If the child disobeys his parent, hes liable to receive some form of punishment. Corporal punishment is traditionally the most common and considered to be the most effective method used by parents to nstill discipline and the best time to start this is when the child is still young. American mothers use denial of privileges, threats of loss of love, and physical punishment to enforce obedience while Filipino mothers are more likely to punish physically, scold or bribe. (Guthrie and Jacobs, 1965) The obedience of the child is also connected to his/her independence. In most cases, especially if the family is authoritative, the child of this family is incapable of forming apt decisions since he is used to his parents making the important decisions for him. European and American others encourage their children to be self-reliant and assertive. Past the toddler stage, the child is trained to look after himself in ways such as feeding, cleaning and playing. American mothers find themselves Juggling house cleaning, marketing, cooking and seeing off husband and older children to work so that the young child mother in the household, Western children are encouraged to accept responsibilities, learn to make decisions and accept the consequences of their good or bad behavior. Studied by the Levines (1963), the Gusii tribe of Kenya, Africa considers the infant as ragile and susceptible to evil influences. After his infantile needs are satisfied, the child is viewed to be capable of being trained. He is ordered about and punished by anyone older than he. In later childhood, he is treated as a lowly servant. He is forced into adulthood through heavy duties and punishment. Thus, the Gusii parents feel that severity induces a faster transition to maturation. The Filipino child is mostly spoiled during his/her first six years. They are the center of concern of parents, siblings and other relatives. This large kinship has conditioned the child to leisurely row up. .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871 , .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871 .postImageUrl , .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871 , .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871:hover , .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871:visited , .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871:active { border:0!important; } .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871:active , .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871 .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud524491cc0a2250f0e8f2c80d3efa871:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Security 2 EssayOften, the child would seek help and care in activities he could already carry out himself. Differences among the child-rearing patterns of different cultures are prevalent. There are various factors contributing to this that is why you can consider each family unique or different from the other family. Like what was said before child-rearing techniques are not static, they are subject to change and reformations. The child-rearing patterns of different cultures may be different but in a way it is what they believe in and it is only natural to respect their own culture ppose to ours. Sources: Guthrie, George M. and Jacobs Pepita (1965) Child Rearing and Personality Development in the Philippines. Medina, Belen. (2001). The Filipino Family. Diliman, Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press. Ortigas, Carmela D. (1996) The Solo- Parent Experience: A Growing Social Phenomenon. Loyola Heights, Quezon City: Office of Research and Publications Ateneo de Manila University. Soliven, Preciosa S. (2011) A Point of Awarenes. From http://www. philstar. com/education-and-home/ 2012-10-04/855841 /filipino-child-rearing-practices-delay-maturity